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只能用that的情况
1、定语从句修饰的词(即,先行词),前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best film that I have seen.(先行词是film,前面有the best修饰它,这时候只能用that,强调“最好的”)
2、先行词被the very/the only/the same/the last等修饰时
She is the only girl who has got a prize.(先行词是girl,前面有the only修饰它,这时候只能用that,强调“唯一一个”)
3、先行词被序数词修饰时
The first place that they visited was the Big Ben.(先行词是place,前面有the first修饰它,这时候只能用that,强调“第一个”)
4、先行词正好是anything/everything/nothing/few/all/none/little/some等词时
All that can be done has been done.(先行词是all,这时候只能用that,强调“所有的”)
There is little that I can do for you.(先行词是little,这时候只能用that,强调“没有、很少“)
另外有一些情况,不一定是为了强调,也要用that,并且都有各自的原因。
5、先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
Who is the man that is standing there?(先行词是man,但前面有疑问词who,这时候只能用that。我们可以认为,这是英语中为了避免重复而做出的限定。英语表达的一个特征就是不喜欢重复,所以,在一个场景下, 表达相同含义时,通常会用很多同义词或近义词)
6、先行词既有人,也有物时
The writer and his work that you told me are really famous.(先行词有writer和work,一个是人,一个是物,为了统一,这时候我们不能用who或which,只能用that)
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